英语单词中的重音是怎么规定的

  • 2023-08-09 22:12:01

英语单词中的重音是怎么规定的

1、英语单词中的重音是怎么规定的?英语词汇的重音位置是有其规律的。

2、例如:有些双音节词汇做名词时重音往往落在首音节上;而做动词时,重音就落在第二音节上了。

3、这些词汇常见的有:addict,accent,abstract,annex等。

4、掌握好并读准单词的重音有一定的规律可循。

5、为了便于记忆和学习,现将部分规则按重音位置和字母顺序作如下归纳,并从理论上进行简要分析。

6、归类部分1.重音落在末音节的字母组合以-ee结尾,读音为/!?/的词汇:appelleechimpanzeeconfereecontesteedecreedraweeevacueeem-ployeegoateegrandeeguaranteeindicteeinductee以-act结尾,读音为/$kt/的词汇,多为动词:contactcontractdetractdistractexactenactintactinteract-air,-aire或-are结尾,读音为/#+/的词汇:affairconcessionaireenclairmillionaireawareprepare以-ade结尾,读音为/eid/的词汇:arcadebrigadecolonnadeescaladeescapade(exception:decade)以-ane结尾,读音为/ein/的词汇:inaneinsaneprofanehumane以-ceive结尾,读音为/s!?v/的动词:conceivedeceiveperceivereceive以-duce结尾,读音为/dj(?s/的词汇:conducededuceinduceintroducereducereproducesubducetraduceseduce以-ease结尾,读音为/!?s/或/!?z/的词汇:appeasedeceasedecreasediseaseincreasepredeceasereleasesub-leasesurcease以-een结尾,读音为/!?n/的名词:colleencanteenpretteenSalweenshagreenthirteenspalpeenvelevteenyestreen以-eer结尾,读音为/i+/的名词:cannoneercompeerdomineerengineerfronteergadgeteergazetterpamphleteerpatrioteer(11)以-ect结尾,读音为/ekt/的动词:affectbisectcollectdefectdirectdetectcorrectconfectconnectdisinfectejectelect(12)以-ede结尾,读音为d/的动词:accedeantecedeconcedeimpedeintercedeprecederecederetrocedesecedesupercede(13)以-end结尾,读音为/end/的动词:attendamendcommendcomprehendcontenddefenddependextendintendrepresendsubtend(14)以-el结尾,读音为/el/的词汇:compelimpelNobelmarcelpropelrebel(v.)(15)以-ert结尾,的词汇:assertconcertconvertdesertintrovertsubvert(16)以-ese结尾,的词汇:ChineseJapaneseNapalesesudanesetelegraphesevietnamese(17)以-clude结尾,的动词:concludeexcludeincludeoccludeprecludeseclude(18)以-esce结尾,读音为/es/的词汇:coalescedeliquesceeffloresceevanescerecrudesce(19)以-ess结尾,读音为/es/的动词:compressconfessdepressexpressimpressprofessredressrepresssuppresstransgress若不是动词,以-ess结尾,的词汇之重音位置不固定:'progress'congresspro'cessun'less(20)以-est结尾,读音为/est/的动词:adjestcongestcontestdigestinfestprotestsuggest(21)以-ette结尾,读音为/et/的词汇:cassettecigarettebrunettecoquettechemisetteforssettefrisettegazettegrisette(22)以-form结尾的动词:conformperformreformtransform(但uniform是名词)(23)以-ict结尾,读音为/ikt/的动词:afflictconflictconstrictcontradictinflictpredictrestric(24)以-ide结尾,读音为/aid/的词汇:asideastridebesideconfidedivideprovideresidesubside(25)以-ign结尾,读音为/ain/的动词:assigncondigndesignconsignresign(26)以-ire结尾,读音为/ai+/的动词:conspireesquireexpiredesireinquireinspirerequirerespire(27)以-lapse结尾,读音为/l$ps/的词汇:collapseprolapserelapse(28)以-mit结尾,读音为/mit/的词汇:admitcommitdemitemitintermitomitpermitpretermitremitsubmittransmit(若是名词,重音落在首音节,如:'limit'summit'vomit)(29)以-ort结尾的动词:disportdistortescortexportimportreportretortsupporttrans-port(若是名词,重音多落在首音节:escortexportimportbistortpurport等。

7、)(30)以-ore结尾词汇:aforebeforedeploreexplorerestore(31)以-pose结尾,读音为/p+us/、/p+uz/的动词:deposedecomposeexposeimposeinterposeopposeindisposepredis-poseproposesuppose(32)以-scribe结尾,读音为/skraib/的词汇:conscribedescribeescribeprescribesubscribetranscribe(33)以-scend结尾,读音为/send/的词汇:ascendcondescenddescendtranscend(34)以-oon结尾的词汇:afternoonballoonbuffooncartooncocoondecocoondragoonfestoongalloonoctoroonpocaroon(exception:forenoon)(35)以-que结尾,读音为/k/的词汇:antiqueboutiqueblottesqueburlesquearabesquecaciquecritiquegrotesqueJapanesquemystique(36)以-r结尾,现在分词和过去分词均要双写r(-red,-ring):demurincurinterinferoccurpreferrecurrefertransfer(37)以-uct结尾,读音为/)kt/的词汇:conductconstructdeductinstructobstructproduct(38)以-ult结尾的词汇:consultexultinsultoccultmidcultresult(39)以-ume结尾的词汇:assumeconsumeperfumepresumesubsume(40)以-use结尾的词汇:accuseconfuseexcuseperfuserefusesuffusetransfuse(41)以-ure结尾,读音为/ju+/的词汇:accureimpureimmureinsecureinsureinurematureobscureper-dureprocuresecure(exceptions:'epicure'manicure)2.重音落在倒数第二个音节的字母组合:以-ial结尾,读音为/+l/、/i+l/或/j+l/的词汇:/+l/:confidentialdecrialexistentialimpartialinferentialinffluentialinitialprejudicialsacrificialsubstantial/i+l/:authorialbimestrialcolloquialgressorialmaterialmercurialministerialmotorialpictorialprefatorialtectorialvisitorial/j+l/:antimonialbicentennialcolonial以-ian结尾,读音为/+n/、/i+n/、/j+n/的词汇:/+n/:academicianarithmeticianacousticianelectricianEurasianLin-guisticianmusicianPersianpoliticianpractician/i+n/、/j+n/:CantabrigiancollegianColombianhistorianrosariansalu-tatoriansubclavian以-ia结尾,读音为/i+/的词汇:国名、地名:AustraliaEthiopiaIndonesiaMalaysiaMauritaniaRoma-nia医学:abuliaachromatopsiaacidemiaacrophobiaaerophobiabilharziainsomnia其他:academiaacediacryptomeriarazziaencyclopedia以-ic结尾,读音为/ik/偶或包括以-ics结尾的词汇:atomaticatmosphericautarkicautographicballisticclimaticcosmeticentericepidemic以-ior结尾,读音为/i+/的词汇,形容词居多:inferiorjuniorposteriorpriorseniorsuperiorulterior以-it结尾,读音为/it/的词汇:cohabitdemeritdiscreditdiscomfitdecrepitdepositexplicitdispiritdisinheritinspiritinheritinhabitinhibitreposittransitvisit以-scence(n.)或-scent(adj)结尾:acescenceacquiescencedeliquescenceconvalescenceevanescenceobso-lescencereminiscencerenascencedecrescentmarcescentpubescentre-crudescentquiescentresipiscentsuffrutescent以-ion或-sion结尾:accusaionabolitionconfusionexplosiondecisionimpressionpersua-sionexcitationsuggestioninvitation3.重音落在倒数第三个音节的字母组合:以-fy结尾,读音为/fai/的动词:acidifyidentifyintensifyemulsifylapidifypersonifyqualifymodifyprettifysimplifytransmogrify以-ical结尾,读音为/ik+l/的词汇:academicalchemicalelectricalpoliticalperiodicalencyclicalteleologi-calinimicaltheoreticaltechnological以-icide结尾,读音为/isaid/的词汇:suicideaborticideacaricidefoeticidefratricideherbicideinfanticideliberticideuxoricide以-itude结尾的词汇:attitudedecrepitudeinfinitudelassitudelatitudeplatitude以-ity结尾,读音为/iti/的词汇:abilitycuriositycivilityfacilityfragilityopportunitypersonalitypossibilitysensitivitysimplicityspecialityutilityvanitywhimsicality以-graph或-phy结尾的词汇:aerographybibliographybiographycalligraphychirographygeographylexicographyphotographyplanographytelegraphytheosophyphilosophy以-ology结尾的词汇:aerologybibliologybryologycrytologyecologyEgyptologylexicologytechnologypestologypsychologytestaceologyteleologytheologyzoology以-otomy结尾的词汇:neurotomytenotomytracheotomytrichotomy以-ular结尾,读音为/jul+/的词汇:biangularbinocularconsularinsularintercelluarocularorbicularpopularparticularsecularregulartriangular4.词汇加了前缀后的重读位置重读落在第一音节的词汇,加前缀后,重读位置不变:'dazzle—be'dazzle'operate—co'operate'force—en'force'logical—il'logical'literate—il'literate'constant—in'constant重读落在第二音节的词汇,加前缀后,原重读位置不受影响,但前缀的字母组合作为一个音节可重读或次重读:pro'duce—'repro'duce'graduate—'post'graduate'national—'inter'nationalim'pressionism—'neo-imp'ressionism(theonlyexception:'finite—'infinie)简析部分从语言学的角度来分析,英语的词重音(wordstress)的位置是不固定的。

8、英语与某些别的语言不同,例如:法语词汇的重音总是在词的末音节上;与法语相反的是捷克语,它的重音总是落在词的首音节上,而波兰语却独特一些,重音位置总是落在词汇的倒数第二个音节上,因此,这些语言的重音称为固定重音(fixedstress),而英语和俄语的重音则是自由重音(freestress)。

9、英语本身吸收并借用了大量的外来语(loanwords),以历史语言学或词源学(etymology)的观点来剖析,就不难解释为什么英语重音属于自由重音这一现象。

10、例如:以-ion和-ic结尾的英语词汇重音往往落在倒数第二个音节上,而-ion和-ic结尾的字母组合则源于拉丁语。

11、以-ee结尾的英语词汇重音总是落在末音节上,若追溯它的同源词(cognate),我们可以看到-ee这一后缀源于MiddleEnglish的-e,而-e又来源于MiddleFrench的-é,若再追本溯源,乃是来自于OldFrench的-é。

12、再考察以-ette后缀结尾的词汇,-ette后缀也是经历了从OldFrench到MiddleFrench再到MiddleEnglish这一相似的演变过程,直至现在,仍然保留了法语的重音特征,与现代法语的词重音总是落在末音节这一规律完全吻合。

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